Computer
Computer is an electronic machine that is used to solve different kind of problems according to the set of instruction given to it.
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An electronic machine that process input data into useful information according to given instructions and stores this information on storage devices for later use is called a computer.
Computer Program
Computer is an electronic machine that is used to solve different kind of problems according to the set of instruction given to it. A set of instruction given to the computer to perform a particular task is called Computer program or Software.Programming Language
A programming language provides the way of communication between user and computer. A computer program is written in a programming language. The programming language provides a set of rules for writing computer program. The instruction or written in a specific manner and according to the rules of the programming language. There Are many Programming languages. Each language has its own set of rules to write computer program.
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An artificial language use to write instructions which can be translated into machine language by using language translator is called programming language.Types of Programming languages
The programming languages are divided into two main categories:
(i) Low-level Programming Language.
(ii) High-level Programming Language.
(a) Low-Level Programming Language
The programming languages that are close to machine language are called low-level programming language. The program instruction written in these languages are in binary form (0 and 1) and symbols. The example of low-level programming language are machine and assembly language.
(i) Machine Language (Binary Language)
The programming language in which instruction of the program are written in binary form is called machine language. It is fundamental computer language. It is very difficult to learn and to use.There is no need to translate programming written in machine language. It is because the instruction are already in machine code i.e binary form. However, program written any other programming language must be converted into machine language, so that the computer can understand them.
A program written in machine language is machine dependent. Ever type of computer has its own set of rule for writing program in machine language. Program written on one type of computer system cannot run on another different type of computer.
(ii) Assembly Language
In the early computers, it was very difficult to write a program directly in machine code. Assembly language was developed to make the programming task easier. It is low -level language. It is easy to learn than machine language. This language is usually used for writing system software and firmware.
In assembly language, symbols (or English like word) are used to write program instruction, instead of binary code. These symbols or English like word are called mnemonics. For Example, the add instruction is represent by ADD.
The program written in assembly language cannot be executed directly on the computer. It is translated into machine code with the help of program translator called assembler.
(b) High-Level Programming Language
The programming language that are code to human language are called high-level programming language. The program instructions written in these programming language are similar to English language. These language are easy to learn.
Every high-level language has its own set of rules for writing program. These rules are called Syntax of the language. The program instruction are written according to the syntax of the programming language.
Some commonly used high level languages are as following:
C/C++, FORTRAN, COBOL, Java, Pascal and BASIC.
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